Tsuga canadensis
Pinaceae
Naturally occurring in the eastern half of Ohio where it grows on cool, moist slopes and ravines. Hemlock woolly adelgid and elongate hemlock scale are of high concern when considering planting this species. Sensitive to disturbance. Deer browse likely, but not severe.
Summary
Climate Tolerance
Very Poor
Wildlife Benefits
Seeds food source for birds, small mammals; cavity nesting site; moth/butterfly host
Pollination Type
Wind
Plant Hardiness Zones
3 to 7
# Butterfly/Moths that use as host
280
Bloom Time
Spring (Apr)
Shade/Sun Tolerance
Part Shade to Shade: Receives less than 2 to 4 hours of direct sunlight or dappled shade all day
Maximum Height
Medium (40-75 ft)
Growth Rate
Slow: 1 ft or less per year
Soil Type
Loam: Equal mix of clay, sand, and silt. Moderate moisture retention and high nutrient availability.
Sand: Large/coarse particles. Short moisture retention and low nutrient availability.
Silt: Medium sized particles. Moderate moisture retention and high nutrient availability.
Rocky: Large pieces of gravel and rock. Short moisture retention and low nutrient availability.
Soil Moisture Tolerance
Moist: Soil can remain damp and does not normally retain standing water
Root - Fungal Association
Ectomycorrhizae: Symbiotic relationship with fungi that exist on outside of plant root cells, facilitating nutrient uptake
Pest & Pathogen Risks
High; Hemlock woolly adelgid, elongate hemlock scale
Urban Stress Tolerance
Low: Tree will not grow well in the urban environment
Drought Tolerance
Sensitive: Tree will become stressed during periods of drought
Coefficient of Conservatism
8
Native Status
OH-Native: Species is native to Ohio
NatureServe G-rank
G4
Plant Community Type
- Beech Mixed: Common
- Oak Mixed: Occasional
- Alluvial: Rare
- Red Maple Mixed: Absent
- Ruderal: Absent
Bloom Color
Yellow
Form
Tree
Lifespan
Long: Greater than 250 years
Soil pH
Acidic (pH<6.8)
Wetland Indicator Status
FACU: Facultative Upland, usually occurs in non-wetlands, but may occur in wetlands
Soil Compaction Tolerance
Sensitive: Tree will become stressed from soil being compacted
Heat Tolerance
Sensitive: Tree will become stressed from increased temperature due to urban heat island effects
Salt Tolerant
Sensitive: Intolerant to either aerial salt spray and/or salt present in soil
Native County Status
Cuyahoga
Geauga
Lake
Lorain
Medina
Portage
Summit
IUCN Red List Assessment
Near Threatened
